APPLIED RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Four major functions have been attributed to alveolar type II cells: (1) synthesis and secretion of surfactant; (2) xenobiotic metabolism; (3) transepithelial movement of water; and (4) regeneration of the alveolar epithelium following lung injury.

Detailed explanation-2: -Surfactant is released from the lung cells and spreads across the tissue that surrounds alveoli. This substance lowers surface tension, which keeps the alveoli from collapsing after exhalation and makes breathing easy.

Detailed explanation-3: -It reduces the surface tension at the air-liquid interface and prevents alveolar collapse, stabilizes the alveolar-capillary barrier, prevents edema, and allows for effective gas exchange and oxygenation (Mirastschijski et al. 2020).