APPLIED RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -B lymphocytes are the cells of the immune system that make antibodies to invading pathogens like viruses. They form memory cells that remember the same pathogen for faster antibody production in future infections.

Detailed explanation-2: -Instead, memory B cells are defined as long-lived and quiescent cells that are poised to quickly respond to antigen upon recall (2–5). Both memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) are the product of antigen activation and, most often, interaction with cognate T helper cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -It is now well accepted that plasma cells can become long-lived (memory) plasma cells and secrete antibodies for months, years or a lifetime. However, the mechanisms involved in this process of humoral memory, which is crucial for both protective immunity and autoimmunity, still are not fully understood.

Detailed explanation-4: -The lifespan of a human memory T cell is of the order of 30–160 days [12, 13, 15, 16], in contrast to the typical half-life of human T cell memory of 8–15 years [1, 4, 5]. Longevity thus does not seem to be an intrinsic characteristic of circulating memory T cells.