APPLIED RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Fluid that is forced out of the bloodstream during normal circulation is filtered through lymph nodes to remove bacteria, abnormal cells and other matter. This fluid is then transported back into the bloodstream via the lymph vessels. Lymph only moves in one direction, toward the heart.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lymphatic fluid flows from the lower extremities–the liver and intestine–to the thoracic duct, which is the main channel for lymphatic drainage. In most people the thoracic duct drains into the subclavian vein on the left side.

Detailed explanation-3: -The correct answer is option d because the lymphatic system is not a closed-loop like the circulatory system, it starts with lymphatic capillaries that drain into successively larger vessels that eventually drain out the lymphatic system through two lymph ducts into veins that lead towards the heart.

Detailed explanation-4: -There is no pump in the lymphatic system like the heart in the cardiovascular system. The pressure gradients to move lymph through the vessels come from the skeletal muscle action, respiratory movement, and contraction of smooth muscle in vessel walls.