APPLIED RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -In vitro, antibodies are capable of blocking the infectivity or pathogenesis of viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Neutralization generally occurs as a result of interfering with an organism’s attachment to host tissues.

Detailed explanation-2: -Antibodies that bind to the receptor-binding site on the toxin molecule can prevent the toxin from binding to the cell and thus protect the cell from attack (Fig. 9.24). Antibodies that act in this way to neutralize toxins are referred to as neutralizing antibodies.

Detailed explanation-3: -1) Antibodies are secreted into the blood and mucosa, where they bind to and inactivate foreign substances such as pathogens and toxins (neutralization). 2) Antibodies activate the complement system to destroy bacterial cells by lysis (punching holes in the cell wall).