APPLIED RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is mainly caused by mainly fibrovascular proliferation. It is characterized by a combination of clinical findings, including severe disabling arthralgia and arthritis, digital clubbing, and periostosis of tubular bones with or without synovial effusion.

Detailed explanation-2: -Symptoms of HPOA HPOA most often causes inflammation of bones and joints in the wrists and ankles. Sometimes this shows up on bone scans or x-rays. Ankles and wrists can become swollen and inflamed, causing much pain and difficulty with movement. One of the most common symptoms of HPOA is a condition known as clubbing.