APPLIED RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is a condition that’s characterized by episodes of sudden uncontrollable and inappropriate laughing or crying. Pseudobulbar affect typically occurs in people with certain neurological conditions or injuries, which might affect the way the brain controls emotion.

Detailed explanation-2: -In PBA, there’s a disconnect between the frontal lobe (which controls emotions) and the cerebellum and brain stem (where reflexes are mediated). The effects are uncontrollable and can occur without an emotional trigger. Those with PBA have involuntary bouts of crying, laughter or anger.

Detailed explanation-3: -PBA develops as the result of a brain injury or underlying neurological condition, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although episodes of laughing or crying may seem appropriate for the triggering event (such as seeing or hearing something funny or sad), they tend to be more difficult to restrain.

Detailed explanation-4: -The cerebellum acts as a gatekeeper, inhibiting or allowing the impulses to pass to the pons, where they are executed as laughter or tears.