APPLIED RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound provides rapid, noninvasive, real-time measures of cerebrovascular function. TCD can be used to measure flow velocity in the basal arteries of the brain to assess relative changes in flow, diagnose focal vascular stenosis, or to detect embolic signals within these arteries.

Detailed explanation-2: -Out-of-pocket spending per TCD claim ranged from $0 to $1, 808 (median: $20, 25th-75th percentile: $0-$111), exceeded $0 for 61% of TCD claims, and exceeded $100 for 27% of TCD claims.

Detailed explanation-3: -What is transcranial Doppler ultrasound? TCD is a noninvasive and painless ultrasound technique that uses sound waves to evaluate blood flow (blood circulation) in and around the brain. There is no special contrast or radiation involved in the test.

Detailed explanation-4: -A small microphone-looking-like device called a transducer is held in place on the exam area. The transducer sends high-frequency sound waves through the brain and captures the returning blood flow information. The ultrasound signal is turned into graphs or color pictures that are shown on the display screen.