APPLIED RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Semi-closed-A semi-closed system has a reservoir such as a breathing bag and allows for partial rebreathing. For example, a Mapleson circuit or a circle at low FGF (< VE), the most commonly used method today.

Detailed explanation-2: -The British physicist and physiologist William Mapelson developed a classification in 1954 which divided semi-closed breathing systems into five groups named A to E, with a sixth group F subsequently being added.

Detailed explanation-3: -For example the Mapleson A is the circuit of choice for spontaneous respiration in adults; the Mapleson D best for controlled ventilation; whilst the Mapleson E and F are most suited for neonates and paediatric patients.