BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The mRNA then carries the genetic information from the DNA to the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. During translation, proteins are made using the information stored in the mRNA sequence. The mRNA attaches to a structure called a ribosome that can read the genetic information.

Detailed explanation-2: -Recall that in eukaryotes, translation can occur either in the cytoplasm or on the rough ER. Membrane and secretory proteins are synthesized in ribosomes on the rough ER whereas the cytosolic proteins are synthesized in ribosomes in cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transcription occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotic organisms, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum.

Detailed explanation-4: -During the archetypal cell cycle, cap-dependent translation peaks in G1 phase and decreases by 60–80% in mitosis, when cellular energy is mostly invested into ensuring accurate cell division [45, 46, 65].