BOTANY

Detailed explanation-1: -In 1987, Carson was the lead neurosurgeon of a 70-member surgical team that separated conjoined twins Patrick and Benjamin Binder, who had been joined at the back of the head (craniopagus twins). The separation surgery held promise in part because the twin boys had separate brains.

Detailed explanation-2: -Abstract. The surgical separation of a pair of conjoined twins in the year 1689 by Johannes Fatio was the subject of a recent article in this journal.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ben Carson removed the entire right side of Jessie’s brain. The surgery was a success. Twelve years later we decided to congratulate Jessie as she graduates high school and heads to college. When we reached Jessie by Zoom, the joy she’s getting from life was evident by the smile she shared with us.

Detailed explanation-4: -The first recorded successful separation of conjoined twins was carried out by Swiss surgeon Johannes Fatio in Basel, Switzerland, between 24 November and 3 December 1689. The patients were a pair of newborn girls named Elisabet and Catherina, both of whom recovered fully from the surgery.