BOTANY

Detailed explanation-1: -If the treatment is successful, the new gene delivered by the vector will make a functioning protein or the editing molecules will correct a DNA error and restore protein function. Gene therapy with viral vectors has been successful, but it does carry some risk. Sometimes the virus triggers a dangerous immune response.

Detailed explanation-2: -Several inherited immune deficiencies have been treated successfully with gene therapy. Most commonly, blood stem cells are removed from patients, and retroviruses are used to deliver working copies of the defective genes. After the genes have been delivered, the stem cells are returned to the patient.

Detailed explanation-3: -Genes encode proteins and proteins dictate cell function. Therefore, the thousands of genes expressed in a particular cell determine what that cell can do.

Detailed explanation-4: -Genetic material is sent to directly edit or change pieces of DNA already located within a cell to correct the protein being made by that DNA. Gene editing uses technology that is highly precise to make these types of changes.

Detailed explanation-5: -The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression.