BOTANY

Detailed explanation-1: -The BP Deepwater Horizon spill was a light crude and more inherently biodegradable initially than the Exxon Valdez heavy crude from the North Slope of Alaska.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ultimately, the Exxon Valdez spill resulted in a close examination of the status of oil spill prevention, response, and cleanup in the United States. One result was the passage of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which led to the establishment of NOAA’s DARRP program.

Detailed explanation-3: -Over a few days, the 1989 Valdez spill released 41.6 million L of heavy crude into near-shore Arctic waters, while BP’s 2010 months-long blowout ejected more than 779 million L of much lighter oil into subtropical waters from a depth of 1500 m.

Detailed explanation-4: -Bioremediation, which was used extensively in the Exxon Valdez spill, involved adding fertilizers containing nitrogen (N) nutrients to speed up the rates of oil biodegradation. Most petroleum hydrocarbons are highly insoluble in water. Hydrocarbon biodegradation takes place at the hydrocarbon–water interface.

Detailed explanation-5: -We have seen the toll it takes on the marine ecosystem and people whose livelihoods are tied to the sea. Prince William Sound: Almost thirty years after the Exxon Valdez spill, there’s still lingering oil on some beaches. Wildlife ranging from seabirds to killer whales still haven’t recovered from the spill.