BOTANY

Detailed explanation-1: -About 90% of daily energy expenditure is due to muscle mass, fat mass, and activity level. Women do tend to have slower metabolisms than men, but the difference is primarily a function of muscle mass and body size, not gender.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sex hormones define the differences between males and females, and the different endocrine environment promoted by estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, and their precursors might influence both human physiology and pathophysiology.

Detailed explanation-3: -Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates metabolic processes essential for normal growth and development as well as regulating metabolism in the adult (28, 40, 189).

Detailed explanation-4: -Hormones produced by the testes, especially testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone, play essential roles in male sexual differentiation; conversely, defects in the production and action of these hormones result in disorders of male sexual differentiation.