BOTANY

Detailed explanation-1: -Thus, acetylation of histones is known to increase the expression of genes through transcription activation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Activators enhance the interaction between RNA polymerase and a particular promoter, encouraging the expression of the gene. Activators do this by increasing the attraction of RNA polymerase for the promoter, through interactions with subunits of the RNA polymerase or indirectly by changing the structure of the DNA.

Detailed explanation-3: -Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is passed to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus.

Detailed explanation-4: -The mechanisms underlying the histone acetylation-dependent control of gene expression include a direct effect on the stability of nucleosomal arrays and the creation of docking sites for the binding of regulatory proteins.

Detailed explanation-5: -Histones are positively charged proteins due to their high content of lysine and arginine residues. Acetylation usually occurs on lysine residues, neutralizing their positive charge and thereby causing histones to drift away from DNA, which has a negative charge.