BOTANY

Detailed explanation-1: -The adverse effect caused by the operations of forest industries include loss of biodiversity, migration of wildlife, ecological imbalance, soil erosion, flooding, desert encroachment and disruption in hydrological cycle of water catchment area.

Detailed explanation-2: -Habitat destruction, mainly due to overpopulation leading to expansion of agriculture, mining, industrialization, and urbanization and consequent wiping out of large forest areas. Hunting and poaching and illegal trade of animal skin, tusks, bones, teeth, horns, etc have led many species to the verge of extinction.

Detailed explanation-3: -The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change, desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for Indigenous people.

Detailed explanation-4: -Climate change will likely alter the frequency and intensity of forest disturbances, including wildfires, storms, insect outbreaks, and the occurrence of invasive species. The productivity and distribution of forests could be affected by changes in temperature, precipitation and the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.