BOTANY

Detailed explanation-1: -Timber harvesting “always” results in the destruction of the forest. Timber is harvested from national forests by “government resource managers". “Wildfire suppression” prevents future fires by reducing the amount of forest debris on the forest floor.

Detailed explanation-2: -Timber harvesting also interrupts the normal nutrient cycle of the forest, promotes nitrification and increases nutrient leaching thereby leaving the topsoil impoverished and susceptible to erosion.

Detailed explanation-3: -Logging thus generates poverty in areas where until then people were able to provide for their livelihoods. And when the forest has already been opened up and forest dwellers have been displaced, other operations are carried out which eventually lead to ultimate deforestation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Harvesting includes marking the trees to be removed (in selective cutting), felling and processing (conversion) of trees, and transportation of the wood from the felling site, or stump area, to a roadside storage site or a central processing yard (landing) in the forest.