BOTANY

Detailed explanation-1: -Batch culture is a closed culture system that contains limited amounts of nutrients. In batch culture cells grow in a finite volume of liquid medium and are usually maintained in conical flasks on orbital shakers at a speed of 80–120 rpm.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the batch method, extra nutrients are not supplied till the end of the process. In a fed-batch culture, nutrients are added systematically for an extended duration, unlike in a continuous batch where nutrients are added, and products are removed continuously.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fed batch culture technique is applied in many types of fermentation process. In fermentation some nutrient is very essential for the process but when these nutrients are provided in higher concentration in the culture they inhibit the growth of bacteria ultimately ceasing the fermentation.

Detailed explanation-4: -For example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces ethanol as a primary metabolite. When the cells enter the stationary phase, secondary metabolites are produced. Most antibiotics are metabolized as secondary metabolites. For example, Penicillium chrysogenum produces Penicillin as a secondary metabolite.