BOTANY

Detailed explanation-1: -It is clear that the majority of flowering plants are pollinated by insects and other animals, with a minority utilising abiotic pollen vectors, mainly wind. However there is no accurate published calculation of the proportion of the ca 352 000 species of angiosperms that interact with pollinators.

Detailed explanation-2: -Animals and Plants: Pollination More than 80 percent of angiosperms depend on animals for pollination (technically the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma).

Detailed explanation-3: -Most species of conifers, and many angiosperms, such as grasses, maples and oaks, are pollinated by wind.

Detailed explanation-4: -Around 90% of flowering plants (angiosperms) rely on animals such as bees to help them pollinate; when the insect transports pollen between flowers, it receives a reward (nectar etc.). It is known that mutualisms with pollinators also play a significant role in flower shape diversity.

Detailed explanation-5: -More than 87.5% of angiosperms depend on pollination by animals16, and over 75% of tree species in tropical17 and 30–40% of tree species in temperate systems18 depend on seed dispersal by animals.