GROWTH DEVELOPMENT CHILD
BEHAVIOURIST THEORIES
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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positive reinforcement
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negative reinforcement
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punishment
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None of the above
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Detailed explanation-1: -Developed by B.F Skinner, operant conditioning is a way of learning by means of rewards and punishments. This type of conditioning holds that a certain behavior and a consequence, either a reward or punishment, have a connection which brings about learning.
Detailed explanation-2: -Because negative punishment procedures decreases the likelihood of the behavior occurring again by removing a stimulus, the stimulus must be pleasant or essential. The person or animal learns to associate the negative consequence with the behavior. This type of conditioning is also known as “punishment by removal.”
Detailed explanation-3: -Punishment is instrumental aversive learning. It refers to the suppressive effects of undesirable outcomes on the behaviors that cause them (Table 1). This effect of response-dependent aversive events is symmetrical to the response-promoting effects of reinforcement (instrumental reward learning).
Detailed explanation-4: -Positive punishment is a type of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is a learning method that focuses on the consequences of behaviors. In positive punishment, the goal is to decrease the behavior by presenting an aversive or unpleasant stimulus following a behavior.