CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend’s telephone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend’s number. Arnold’s difficulty best illustrates: proactive interference.

Detailed explanation-2: -An example of proactive interference in everyday life would be a difficulty in remembering a friend’s new phone number after having previously learned the old number.

Detailed explanation-3: -Proactive interference is when old memories disrupt the retrieval of new memories. It occurs when you can’t learn a new task because of the older memories embedded in the brain. Because older memories are usually retained in long-term memory, you rehearse them often, making them easier to recall.

Detailed explanation-4: -Proactive interference (PI) refers to the reduction in memory performance for recently learned information resulting from the prior learning of related materials and has been shown to play an important role in forgetting (for a review, see Anderson & Neely, 1996).

Detailed explanation-5: -Retroactive interference (retro=backward) occurs when you forget a previously learnt task due to the learning of a new task. In other words, later learning interferes with earlier learning-where new memories disrupt old memories.