CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Sleep spindles are found during the early stages of sleep (sleep stage 2 in humans) and constitute an electrographic landmark for the transition from waking to sleep. Spindle oscillations consist of 7–14 Hz waxing and waning potentials, grouped in sequences lasting 1–3 s and recurring every 3–10 s.

Detailed explanation-2: -Along with another wave pattern called K-complexes, sleep spindles are considered a hallmark of stage 2 NREM sleep.

Detailed explanation-3: -Stage 2. Stage 2 NREM sleep sees a continued slowing of heartbeat, breathing, muscle activity, and eye movements. During this stage, you also experience a reduction in body temperature. Throughout the course of the night, you spend about half the time in stage 2 sleep.

Detailed explanation-4: -You then begin to sleep if you enter non-REM Stage 1. This is when Alpha waves get replaced primarily with theta waves. As you continue to non-REM stage 2, you still have theta waves, but now you also have sleep spindles and k-complexes. In non-REM stage 3, this is dominated by delta waves.

Detailed explanation-5: -Spindles occur during both light NREM sleep and deep slow-wave sleep, but not during REM sleep. Sleep spindles preferentially coincide with the up-states of high-amplitude slow waves, yet can likewise be observed on their own, as is often the case during light NREM sleep. How are sleep spindles generated?