GROWTH DEVELOPMENT CHILD
COGNITION AND EMOTIONS
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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was lost when surgery took place within 1 hour of learning
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was lost when surgery took place within 24 hours of learning
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was lost when any region of the brain was removed
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remained no matter which area of the brain was tampered with
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Detailed explanation-1: -A)at the beginning of the list. Lashley’s studies, in which rats learned a maze and then had various parts of their brains surgically removed, showed that the memory: A)was lost when surgery took place within 1 hour of learning.
Detailed explanation-2: -Combining the insights from behaviorism and his research with trained rats, Lashley hypothesized the existence of a local area in the brain where memories of learned responses are stored. Lashley called this area the “engram” (memory trace).
Detailed explanation-3: -The cortical lesions had specific effects on acquisition and retention of knowledge, but the location of the removed cortex had no effect on the rats’ performance in the maze. This led Lashley to conclude that memories are not localized, but that they are widely distributed across the cortex.
Detailed explanation-4: -How did Lashley develop the equipotentiality hypothesis? He trained rats in the correct route through a maze, then deliberately damaged their brains and observed that this did not inhibit their progress through the maze.
Detailed explanation-5: -Lashley’s failure to find the engram may have been because of his choice of memory task (learning a maze is a complex task, and this sort of memory likely relies on many brain regions) and brain region examined (regions other than the cortex may be involved in memory).