CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Psychologists distinguish between three necessary stages in the learning and memory process: encoding, storage, and retrieval (Melton, 1963). Encoding is defined as the initial learning of information; storage refers to maintaining information over time; retrieval is the ability to access information when you need it.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stages of Memory: Sensory, Short-Term, and Long-Term Memory According to this approach (see Figure 9.4, “Memory Duration”), information begins in sensory memory, moves to short-term memory, and eventually moves to long-term memory. But not all information makes it through all three stages; most of it is forgotten.

Detailed explanation-3: -Retrieval refers to accessing the stored information. Retrieval processes are inextricably bound to those of encoding and storage. This chapter reviews two basic ways of studying retrieval processes: (1) giving retrieval cues during a test and (2) testing people repeatedly with the same cues.

Detailed explanation-4: -Encoding is the act of getting information into our memory system through automatic or effortful processing. Storage is retention of the information, and retrieval is the act of getting information out of storage and into conscious awareness through recall, recognition, and relearning.

Detailed explanation-5: -Retrieval is the third step in the processing of memory, with first being the encoding of memory and second, being the storage of the memory. Retrieval of the encoded and stored memory is very important because otherwise there is no point in storing information.