CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Sanctions can either be positive ( rewards ) or negative (punishment). Sanctions can arise from either formal or informal control. With informal sanctions, ridicule or ostracism can realign a straying individual towards norms. Informal sanctions may include shame, ridicule, sarcasm, criticism, and disapproval.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sanctions can be positive as well as negative. Positive sanctions are rewards given for conforming to norms. A promotion at work is a positive sanction for working hard. Negative sanctions are punishments for violating norms.

Detailed explanation-3: -Positive sanctions can include celebration, congratulation, praise, social recognition, social promotion, and approval, as well as formal sanctions such as awards, bonuses, prizes, and titles.

Detailed explanation-4: -Informal sanctions are punishments or shows of disapproval by peers, such as being ‘shushed’ in a library. Formal sanctions are punishments doled out by institutions like the police. These happen to us when we break laws.