CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The four contingencies are positive and negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction. Positive reinforcement occurs when the desired behavior results in positive outcomes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Reinforcement means you are increasing a behavior, and punishment means you are decreasing a behavior. Reinforcement can be positive or negative, and punishment can also be positive or negative. All reinforcers (positive or negative) increase the likelihood of a behavioral response.

Detailed explanation-3: -Thus, contingencies of reinforcement describe an antecedent-behavior-consequence link in which the consequence increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur again in the presence of an antecedent.

Detailed explanation-4: -A contrived contingency is a reinforcement or punishment that is implemented by a teacher in order to encourage behavior change or skill acquisition. An example of this would be giving a child access to a preferred toy after finishing a puzzle.