CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Parental care can occur even before hatching in birds, when parents sit on their eggs to incubate them. After hatching, the parents provide food for their offspring, and may continue to brood their young to keep them warm. Both male and female birds provide parental care, depending on the species.

Detailed explanation-2: -Biparental care is the norm in birds; it occurs in more than 90% of living species (Kendeigh, 1952), whereas in all other animal groups, if biparental care occurs at all, it is much less common than is uniparental paternal or maternal care (Clutton-Brock, 1991).

Detailed explanation-3: -In animals that provide parental care, females are generally the ones that primarily bear the costs. They spend time laying eggs, creating egg cases, guarding eggs or larvae, building nests, incubating and brooding young, carrying young (gestation), nursing (lactation), and subsequently feeding and defending offspring.