GROWTH DEVELOPMENT CHILD
KOHLBERG
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Personal conscience is innate and all human beings develop it at the same rate.
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By adulthood, all people judge moral issues in terms of self-chosen principles.
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Ethical principles are defined by ideals of reciprocity and human equality in individualistic societies, but by ideals of law and order in collectivistic societies.
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Children grow up with morals similar to those of their parents.
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Children progress from a morality based on punishment and reward to one defined by convention, and ultimately to one defined by abstract ethical principles.
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Detailed explanation-1: -Level One-Preconventional Morality: In stage one, moral reasoning is based on concepts of punishment. The child believes that if the consequence for an action is punishment, then the action was wrong.
Detailed explanation-2: -Cognitive in nature, Kohlberg’s theory focuses on the thinking process that occurs when one decides whether a behaviour is right or wrong. Thus, the theoretical emphasis is on how one decides to respond to a moral dilemma, not what one decides or what one actually does.
Detailed explanation-3: -Kohlberg calls stage 1 thinking “preconventional” because children do not yet speak as members of society. Instead, they see morality as something external to themselves, as that which the big people say they must do.
Detailed explanation-4: -Preconventional morality – young children under the age of 9 Similar to the first stage in Piaget’s theory, Kohlberg reflects on the moral thought of children. At a young age, they believe that rules are meant to be followed and those in charge will undoubtedly follow through with punishment.
Detailed explanation-5: -Key Points According to Kohlberg the pre-conventional level of moral development of a child shows no internalization of moral values. In this level, the moral reasoning of the child is controlled by external rewards and punishment.