CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -At the preconventional level, morality is externally controlled. Rules imposed by authority figures are conformed to in order to avoid punishment or receive rewards. This perspective involves the idea that what is right is what one can get away with or what is personally satisfying.

Detailed explanation-2: -Level 1 (Preconventional) Obedience and Punishment Orientation – at this stage of moral reasoning, the individual acts from a belief that if they do something wrong they will be punished, so that the best reason for avoiding doing wrong is to avoid punishment.

Detailed explanation-3: -The two stages during the preconventional level are obedience/punishment and self-interest or instrumentalism. Preconventional moral reasoning occurs when children follow rules to avoid punishment or to receive a reward.

Detailed explanation-4: -Kohlberg calls stage 1 thinking “preconventional” because children do not yet speak as members of society. Instead, they see morality as something external to themselves, as that which the big people say they must do. What is right for Heinz, then, is what meets his own self-interests.

Detailed explanation-5: -The first two stages, at level 1, preconventional morality, occur before the individual has even become aware of social conventions. At stage 2 (from age 5 to age 7, or up to age 9, in some cases), children learn that it is in their interest to behave well, because rewards are in store if they do.