CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Stage 2 (Individualism and Exchange): At the individualism and exchange stage of moral development, children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs.

Detailed explanation-2: -Level 1: Preconventional level At the preconventional level, morality is externally controlled. Rules imposed by authority figures are conformed to in order to avoid punishment or receive rewards. This perspective involves the idea that what is right is what one can get away with or what is personally satisfying.

Detailed explanation-3: -The two stages during the preconventional level are obedience/punishment and self-interest or instrumentalism. Preconventional moral reasoning occurs when children follow rules to avoid punishment or to receive a reward.

Detailed explanation-4: -Level 1 (Preconventional) 1. Obedience and Punishment Orientation – at this stage of moral reasoning, the individual acts from a belief that if they do something wrong they will be punished, so that the best reason for avoiding doing wrong is to avoid punishment.