CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A top-down reading model is a reading approach that emphasizes what the reader brings to the text, it contends that reading is driven by meaning and proceeds from whole to part. It is also known as concept-driven model.

Detailed explanation-2: -Learners can be encouraged to use both bottom-up and top-down strategies to help them understand a text. For example in a reading comprehension learners use their knowledge of the genre to predict what will be in the text (top down), and their understanding of affixation to guess meaning (bottom up).

Detailed explanation-3: -Top-down processing Instead of relying on understanding individual letters, words, sentences or sounds, the reader / listener uses information and knowledge that might come from outside the text. For example: I am currently visiting Ukraine for a CELTA course, and will stay here for two months.

Detailed explanation-4: -In other words, top-down processing happens when the reader activates his/her world knowledge to facilitate comprehending the text. On the other hand, in bottom-up reading model, the written or printed text is the centre of attention and reading proceeds from part to the whole.