CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Remember that reinforcement, even when it is negative, always increases a behavior. In contrast, punishment always decreases a behavior. In positive punishment, you add an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior. An example of positive punishment is scolding a student to get the student to stop texting in class.

Detailed explanation-2: -Positive reinforcement increases the target behavior by adding something preferred (good). Positive punishment decreases the target behavior by adding something aversive (bad). Negative reinforcement increases the target behavior by taking away something aversive.

Detailed explanation-3: -Reinforcement, either positive or negative, works by increasing the likelihood of a behaviour. Punishment, on the other hand, refers to any event that weakens or reduces the likelihood of a behaviour.

Detailed explanation-4: -For example, reinforcement might involve presenting praise (a reinforcer) immediately after a child puts away their toys (the response). By reinforcing the desired behavior with praise, the child will be more likely to perform the same action again in the future.

Detailed explanation-5: -Jenson et al. (1988) comment upon punishment as presenting a consequence (usually called a stimulus) after a behaviour or response which can have three effects on the likelihood of that behaviour occurring again. Punishment always decreases the frequency of behaviour, unless it is already very low.