CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Preconventional morality is the earliest period of moral development. It lasts until around the age of 9. At this age, children’s decisions are primarily shaped by the expectations of adults and the consequences of breaking the rules.

Detailed explanation-2: -Level 1: Preconventional level At the preconventional level, morality is externally controlled. Rules imposed by authority figures are conformed to in order to avoid punishment or receive rewards. This perspective involves the idea that what is right is what one can get away with or what is personally satisfying.

Detailed explanation-3: -For example, a child might say, “Heinz can steal it because he asked first and it’s not like he stole something big; he won’t get punished” (see Rest, 1973). Even though the child agrees with Heinzs action, the reasoning is still stage 1; the concern is with what authorities permit and punish.

Detailed explanation-4: -Postconventional morality, a concept developed largely by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, identifies the ethical reasoning of moral actors who make decisions based on rights, values, duties, or principles that are (or could be) universalizable.