CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Obedience and Punishment Orientation – at this stage of moral reasoning, the individual acts from a belief that if they do something wrong they will be punished, so that the best reason for avoiding doing wrong is to avoid punishment.

Detailed explanation-2: -Level 1: Preconventional level At the preconventional level, morality is externally controlled. Rules imposed by authority figures are conformed to in order to avoid punishment or receive rewards.

Detailed explanation-3: -In Stage one (obedience and punishment driven), individuals focus on the direct consequences of their actions on themselves. For example, an action is perceived as morally wrong because the perpetrator is punished.

Detailed explanation-4: -Level 1. Preconventional morality is the earliest period of moral development. It lasts until around the age of 9. At this age, children’s decisions are primarily shaped by the expectations of adults and the consequences of breaking the rules.

Detailed explanation-5: -Stage 1: Obedience-and-punishment orientation: Stage 1 focuses on the child’s desire to obey rules and avoid being punished. For example, an action is perceived as morally wrong because the perpetrator is punished; the worse the punishment for the act is, the more “bad” the act is perceived to be.