CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Operant conditioning, sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning, is a method of learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior. Through operant conditioning, behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated, and behavior that is punished will rarely occur.

Detailed explanation-2: -In positive punishment, you add an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior. An example of positive punishment is scolding a student to get the student to stop texting in class. In this case, a stimulus (the reprimand) is added in order to decrease the behavior (texting in class).

Detailed explanation-3: -A punishment in psychology is a consequence which reduces or aims to reduce the likelihood of a targeted and undesirable behavior from happening again. Punishment is a part of operant conditioning, or the use of rewards to encourage certain behaviors and use of negative consequences to discourage unwanted behaviors.

Detailed explanation-4: -Reinforcement theory is a psychological principle suggesting that behaviors are shaped by their consequences, and that individual behaviors can be changed through reinforcement, punishment and extinction. Behavioral psychologist B.F. Skinner was instrumental in developing modern ideas about reinforcement theory.