CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Negative reinforcement involves unpleasant and painful stimuli. Responses that lead organisms to get rid of painful stimuli or avoid and escape from them provide negative reinforcement. Thus, negative reinforcement leads to the learning of avoidance and escape responses.

Detailed explanation-2: -Both escape and avoidance are types of negative reinforcement, both result in an increase of the behavior that terminated or avoided the aversive stimulus. Both create emotional responses that say, phew, thank god that is over . In the avoidance situation a dog would learn how to avoid the painful or scary stimulus.

Detailed explanation-3: -An avoidance response is a response that prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring. It is a kind of negative reinforcement. An avoidance response is a behavior based on the concept that animals will avoid performing behaviors that result in an aversive outcome.

Detailed explanation-4: -Examples of Negative Reinforcement Giving a pass to the car behind to avoid its honking. Getting up from the bed to avoid the noisy alarm. Taking an antacid before having a spicy meal. Applying sunscreen before heading to the beach to avoid getting sunburned.

Detailed explanation-5: -A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that when removed after a response, will increase the frequency or likelihood of that response.