GROWTH DEVELOPMENT CHILD
OPERANT CONDITIONING
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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extinction
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negative reinforcement
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shaping
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spontaneous recovery
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Detailed explanation-1: -A child is scolded (unpleasant event) for ignoring homework (undesirable behavior.) A parent gives a child a time-out (unpleasant consequence) for throwing tantrums (unwanted behavior.) The police gives a driver a ticket (unpleasant stimulus) for speeding (unwanted behavior.)
Detailed explanation-2: -Examples of Negative Reinforcement Giving a pass to the car behind to avoid its honking. Getting up from the bed to avoid the noisy alarm. Taking an antacid before having a spicy meal. Applying sunscreen before heading to the beach to avoid getting sunburned.
Detailed explanation-3: -Negative Reinforcement This process relates to escape and avoidance behaviors. Example, many people wear sunglasses in the summer to reduce glare as a result of negative reinforcement. However, some of us wait to put on our sunglasses until we are outside in the sun.
Detailed explanation-4: -Among the reinforcement schedules, variable ratio is the most productive and the most resistant to extinction. Fixed interval is the least productive and the easiest to extinguish (Figure 18.5.