CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Shaping is a type of operant conditioning that uses reinforcers to guide behavior closer towards a desired behavior. Shaping occurs through successive approximations that guide the target through incremental steps, ultimately leading to the desired goal.

Detailed explanation-2: -a method of shaping operant behavior by reinforcing responses similar to the desired behavior. Initially, responses roughly approximating the desired behavior are reinforced. Later, only responses closely approximating the desired behavior are reinforced.

Detailed explanation-3: -Shaping in operant conditioning was based on the relationship between reinforcement and behaviors. Skinner proposed that a reinforcer is a consequence that increases the likelihood of the desired behavior reoccurring, and punishment decreases the chance of reoccurrence.

Detailed explanation-4: -A successive approximation occurs when an incomplete behavior is rewarded and moves an operant conditioning subject closer to a desired goal.

Detailed explanation-5: -It changes the force with which an individual performs a behavior. For example, a socially isolated child with few friends could adjust their tone of voice via successive approximations. Consequently, their voice gradually becomes stronger.