CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -For example, giving a child praise for completing his homework represents positive reinforcement, whereas taking aspirin to reduced the pain of a headache represents negative reinforcement. In both cases, the reinforcement makes it more likely that behavior will occur again in the future.

Detailed explanation-2: -Such behavior is usually viewed as a form of escape, that is, the response of consuming aspirins is negatively reinforced by relief from the headache.

Detailed explanation-3: -Negative reinforcement is NOT punishment or a “bad” thing. Negative reinforcement encourages the repeating of a behaviour by ✨removing✨ something. For example, when a person takes a painkiller to get rid of a headache, the behaviour of taking medicine is then negatively reinforced by the removal of pain.

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer and Explanation: The correct answer is e) Operant conditioning: negative reinforcement. One has the pain taken away, which reinforces the behavior of taking further aspirins. This only works after the first one.