CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -There is an unpleasant condition (getting rained on), you perform the behavior of obtaining an umbrella and opening it over your head, and you escape the rain. This is in most textbooks as a classic example of negative reinforcement.

Detailed explanation-2: -Examples of Negative Reinforcement Giving a pass to the car behind to avoid its honking. Getting up from the bed to avoid the noisy alarm. Taking an antacid before having a spicy meal. Applying sunscreen before heading to the beach to avoid getting sunburned.

Detailed explanation-3: -Negative reinforcement is a contingency where an ongoing stimulus or event is removed (or prevented) by some response (operant) and the rate of response increases. If it is raining, opening and standing under an umbrella removes the rain and maintains the use of the umbrella on rainy days.

Detailed explanation-4: -The correct answer is: d) elimination of pain after taking an aspirin. A negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of a desired behavior by taking away something unpleasable.