CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In operant conditioning the behavior is determined by the anticipation of what precedes it. Reinforcement is anything that strengthens or increases the frequency of a preceding response. Negative reinforcement is the same as punishment. Reinforcement tells you what to do and punishment does not.

Detailed explanation-2: -Operant behavior is behavior “controlled” by its consequences. In practice, operant conditioning is the study of reversible behavior maintained by reinforcement schedules. We review empirical studies and theoretical approaches to two large classes of operant behavior: interval timing and choice.

Detailed explanation-3: -The behavior is the operant. The relationship between the discriminative stimulus, response, and reinforcer is what influences the likelihood of a behavior happening again in the future. A reinforcer is some kind of reward, or in the case of adverse outcomes, a punishment.

Detailed explanation-4: -Stimulus control of operant behavior Such stimuli are called “discriminative stimuli.” A so-called “three-term contingency” is the result. That is, discriminative stimuli set the occasion for responses that produce reward or punishment.

Detailed explanation-5: -A child is scolded (unpleasant event) for ignoring homework (undesirable behavior.) A parent gives a child a time-out (unpleasant consequence) for throwing tantrums (unwanted behavior.) The police gives a driver a ticket (unpleasant stimulus) for speeding (unwanted behavior.)