CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT CHILD

REINFORCEMENT AND PUNISHMENT

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
A rat is placed in a cage and immediately receives a mild electrical shock on its feet. The shock is unpleasant for the rat. The rat presses a bar and the shock stops. The rat receives another shock, presses the bar again, and again the shock stops. The rat’s behavior of pressing the bar is strengthened by the consequence of the stopping of the shock.
A
Positive Reinforcement
B
Negative Reinforcement
C
Positive Punishment
D
Negative Punishment
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -To show how reinforcement works in a controlled environment, Skinner placed a hungry rat into a box that contained a lever. As the rat scurried around inside the box, it would accidentally press the lever, causing a food pellet to drop into the box.

Detailed explanation-2: -Rats were trained to fear an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) by pairing it with a mild electric shock (the unconditioned stimulus, or US) delivered to one eyelid. After training, the CS elicited two different conditioned fear responses from rats: a passive freezing response, and an active turning response.

Detailed explanation-3: -Imagine a rat in a “Skinner box.” In operant conditioning, if no food pellet is delivered immediately after the lever is pressed then after several attempts the rat stops pressing the lever (how long would someone continue to go to work if their employer stopped paying them?). The behavior has been extinguished.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the 1930’s, B. F. Skinner developed the concept of operant conditioning. He put pigeons and rats in Skinner boxes to study how he could modify their behavior using rewards and punishments.

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