CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Punishment avoidance occurs when a person commits an offence but is not punished for it. It increases the likelihood of offending because, for rational people, it decreases the perceptions regarding the certainty and severity of punishment (Stafford and Warr, 1993).

Detailed explanation-2: -Avoidance learning is a behaviorist term that describes when an organism learns a response in order to avoid experiencing an unpleasant stimulus. The reinforcement (desired, pleasant result) results from not experiencing the negative stimulus (or punishment).

Detailed explanation-3: -punishment actually involves a type of avoidance conditioning in which the avoidance response consists of any behavior other than the behavior being punished. Example:-Doing anything other than lever pressing is negatively reinforced by the absence of the shock. Punishment does not directly weaken a behavior.

Detailed explanation-4: -Remember that reinforcement, even when it is negative, always increases a behavior. In contrast, punishment always decreases a behavior. In positive punishment, you add an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior. An example of positive punishment is scolding a student to get the student to stop texting in class.