CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Recent research suggests questioning could be one of the key formative assessment strategies to promote learning when teachers use questions to elicit student understanding, interpret the information gathered, and act on student responses to achieve learning goals (Black et al., 2003; Jiang, 2014).

Detailed explanation-2: -These results also reinforce the conclusion that the online quizzes were effective formative assessments because they were similar in nature and they evaluated the same knowledge and summative exams (19).

Detailed explanation-3: -Oral presentations are often used in a formative capacity but they can also be used as summative assessments. The focus of this form of assessment is not on students’ capacity to find relevant information, sources and literature but on their capacity to package such materials into a logically coherent exposition.

Detailed explanation-4: -Many in-class activities and outside class assignments such as quizzes, small group discussions, and weekly homework assignments can be considered formative assessments if students receive timely feedback on their performance.