CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -There are four types of frames. Introductory frames, Teaching frame, practice frames and testing frames. ➢ Responses in linear programming are structured responses and these are controlled by programmer and not by learners. Immediate confirmation of correct responses provide reinforcement, wrong responses are ignored.

Detailed explanation-2: -Acc to R.C. Das(1993)-Programmed Instruction is a method of individualized instruction, where each individual learns by himself at his own rate. Programmed learning consists of elements of new knowledge called Steps, which are arranged in a sequence in such way that a student can easily learn by himself.

Detailed explanation-3: -No matter what the medium, two basic types of programming are used: linear, or straight-line programming, and branching programming. Linear programming immediately reinforces student responses that approach the learning goal.

Detailed explanation-4: -programmed learning Responses that do not lead toward the goal go unreinforced. Each bit of learning is presented in a “frame, ” and a student who has made a correct response proceeds to the next frame.