CHILD DEVELOPMENT PEDAGOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Leniency error is when a raters’ tendency is to rate all employees at the positive end of the scale (positive leniency) or at the low end of the scale (negative leniency).

Detailed explanation-2: -The central tendency bias occurs when a rater give everybody an average rating despite their actual performances.

Detailed explanation-3: -Proximity error comes about from the way in which the various items have been placed or ordered on the rating form. Sometimes referred to as an order effect, this error illustrates the influence that surrounding items have on the rating one gives a person on a particular item.

Detailed explanation-4: -A fourth type of error, a logical error in rating, refers to the fact that many judges are likely to give similar ratings for variables or traits that seem logically related in their own minds but may not be related in any given target person.

Detailed explanation-5: -The halo effect is the tendency for a single positive rating to cause raters to inflate all other ratings. It’s almost like the rater is thinking, “If she’s good at this, then she’s probably good at that, too.”