COMPILER DESIGN

Detailed explanation-1: -Lexical scoping, also known as static scoping, is a convention used with many modern programming languages. It refers to setting the scope, or range of functionality, of a variable so that it may be called (referenced) from within the block of code in which it is defined.

Detailed explanation-2: -Most modern languages use lexical scope for variables and functions, though dynamic scope is used in some languages, notably some dialects of Lisp, some “scripting” languages, and some template languages.

Detailed explanation-3: -With static (lexical) scoping, the structure of the program source code determines what variables you are referring to. With dynamic scoping, the runtime state of the program stack determines what variable you are referring to.

Detailed explanation-4: -Dynamically scoped programming languages include bash, LaTeX, and the original version of Lisp. Emacs Lisp is dynamically scoped, but allows the programmer to select lexical scoping. Conversely, Perl and Common Lisp are lexically scoped by default, but allow the programmer to select dynamic scoping.