COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

Detailed explanation-1: -Definition. Cryptography provides for secure communication in the presence of malicious third-parties-known as adversaries. Encryption uses an algorithm and a key to transform an input (i.e., plaintext) into an encrypted output (i.e., ciphertext).

Detailed explanation-2: -Cryptography is the process of converting between readable text, called plaintext, and an unreadable form, called ciphertext . This occurs as follows: The sender converts the plaintext message to ciphertext. This part of the process is called encryption (sometimes encipherment ).

Detailed explanation-3: -Encryption is the process of transforming information (referred to as plaintext) using an algorithm (called a cipher) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key. Data can be encrypted in two ways: at rest and in transit.

Detailed explanation-4: -A cipher algorithm is a mathematical formula designed specifically to obscure the value and content of data. Most valuable cipher algorithms use a key as part of the formula. This key is used to encrypt the data, and either that key or a complementary key is needed to decrypt the data back to a useful form.

Detailed explanation-5: -A cryptographic system takes plaintext as input and produces ciphertext as the result. In cryptography, algorithms convert ciphertext into plaintext and vice versa.