COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

Detailed explanation-1: -1945: Claude E. Shannon of Bell Labs published an article called “A mathematical theory of cryptography.” It’s the starting point of modern cryptography.

Detailed explanation-2: -William F. Friedman was more than a cryptologic pioneer; he is deemed the father of modern American cryptology. Throughout his adult life, he dedicated himself to the art and science of cryptology: making codes and breaking codes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Modern cryptography. Encryption in modern times is achieved by using algorithms that have a key to encrypt and decrypt information. These keys convert the messages and data into “digital gibberish” through encryption and then return them to the original form through decryption.

Detailed explanation-4: -Modern cryptography relies on cryptographic keys, usually a short string of text, for encoding and decoding messages in combination with cryptographic algorithms. Based on the type of keys used, cryptography is classified as either symmetric or asymmetric key cryptography.

Detailed explanation-5: -Throughout the Middle Ages, cryptography became increasingly important, but substitution ciphers, of which the Caesar cipher is one example, remained the standard. Cryptanalysis, the science by which codes and ciphers are cracked, began to catch up to the still relatively primitive science of cryptography.