COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

Detailed explanation-1: -The Enigma machine was a field unit used in World War II by German field agents to encrypt and decrypt messages and communications. Similar to the Feistel function of the 1970s, the Enigma machine was one of the first mechanized methods of encrypting text using an iterative cipher.

Detailed explanation-2: -What is Enigma? Enigma was a cipher device used by Nazi Germany’s military command to encode strategic messages before and during World War II.

Detailed explanation-3: -The German plugboard-equipped Enigma became Nazi Germany’s principal crypto-system. In December 1932 it was “broken” by mathematician Marian Rejewski at the Polish General Staff’s Cipher Bureau, using mathematical permutation group theory combined with French-supplied intelligence material obtained from a German spy.

Detailed explanation-4: -German U-boats were inflicting heavy losses on Allied shipping and the need to understand their signals was crucial. With the help of captured Enigma material, and Turing’s work in developing a technique he called ‘Banburismus’, the naval Enigma messages were able to be read from 1941.

Detailed explanation-5: -Alan Turing and Gordon Welchman designed a machine called the Bombe machine which used electric circuits to solve an Enigma encoded message in under 20 minutes. The Bombe machine would try to determine the settings of the rotors and the plugboard of the Enigma machine used to send a given coded message.