COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

Detailed explanation-1: -Transistors made of semiconductors replaced tubes in the construction of computers. By replacing bulky and unreliable vacuum tubes with transistors, computers could now perform the same functions, using less power and space.

Detailed explanation-2: -Physicist Walter Brattain shared the 1956 Nobel Prize with William Shockley and John Bardeen for jointly inventing the transistor, a device that replaced the bulky and fragile vacuum tube in electronic equipment.

Detailed explanation-3: -The computers made in the second generation were completely based upon transistors, not on vacuum tubes. Until the late 1950s, the use of transistor did not see widespread in computers; however, it was invented at Bell Labs by Walter H. Brattain (1902-1987), John Bardeen (1908-1991), and William B.

Detailed explanation-4: -The first generation of computers depended upon the invention of vacuum tubes; for the second generation it was transistors; for the third, it was the integrated circuit; and the fourth generation of computers came about after the invention of the microprocessor.